Table 15.3 (continued)

Reference

Drug combination

Potential consequences

PK/PD and mechanistic interactions

Zieglmeister and

Hein (2003)

Ritonavir, ketoconazole,

itraconazole + mirtazapine

Increased side effects of

mirtazapine due to CYP3A4

inhibition

Zieglmeister and

Hein (2003)

Ciprofloxacin,

fluvoxamine + agomelatine,

duloxetine

Increased side effects of

agomelatine and duloxetine due to

CYP1A2 inhibition

Zieglmeister and

Hein (2003)

Carbamazepine + citalopram/

diazepam/felodipine/olanzapine

Reduction in clinical efficacy of

citalopram, diazepam, felodipine,

olanzapine

Zieglmeister and

Hein (2003)

SSRI (citalopram, fluoxetine,

paroxetine) and

amitriptyline + warfarin

Increased risk of GI bleeding at

initiating antidepressant therapy

with the mentioned combination

Zieglmeister and

Hein (2003)

Citalopram + simvastatin/

diltiazem

Increased efficacy of simvastatin,

diltiazem; risk of myopathy

Bahar et al. (2018)

Paroxetine, fluoxetine,

citalopram + metoprolol

Increased metoprolol AUC and

early discontinuation of

metoprolol therapy in the elderly

Gjestad et al. (2015)

Esomeprazole, omeprazole,

lansoprazole + SSRIs

(escitalopram, citalopram,

sertraline)

Increased plasma levels of SSRIs

due to inhibition of CYP2C19;

risk of QT prolongation

Saraghi et al. (2018)

NSAID + SSRI (sertraline,

paroxetine) and SNRI

(venlafaxine, duloxetine)

15-times increase of risk of GI

bleeding

Saraghi et al. (2018)

SSRI, SNRI, TCA + pro-

serotoninergic medication

(phenylpiperidine opioids like

meperidine, fentanyl),

ondansetron, metoclopramide,

erythromycin, metronidazole,

triptanes, clozapine, olanzapine,

quetiapine, risperidone

Increased risk for precipitating

serotonin syndrome

O’Brian et al. (2013)

Escitalopram + cyclosporine,

verapamil and other P-gp receptor

inhibitors

Increase of escitalopram delivery

to the brain

O’Brian et al. (2013)

Ciprofloxacin + escitalopram/

citalopram/donepezil/haloperidol

Increased risk of QT-prolongation

Zieglmeister and

Hein (2003)

Mirtazapine,

duloxetine + antiepileptics,

benzodiazepines, opiates

Increased risk of sedative side

effects of antidepressant drugs due

to additive CNS effect

Zieglmeister and

Hein (2003)

MAOi + duloxetine, mirtazapine,

reboxetine, venlafaxine, tianeptine

Increased risk of serotonin

syndrome, hypertension,

agitation, diarrhea, delirium

Zieglmeister and

Hein (2003)

TCAs + amiodarone, quinidine,

disopyramide, lidocaine

Dysrhythmia, dizziness,

headache, vomiting

Sparkman and Li

(2012)

Ciprofloxacin + haloperidol,

olanzapine

Ciprofloxacin enhanced

antipsychotic efficacy

(continued)

15

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